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海园教育余老师 2015年盐城市中考英语考查中，阅读所占额度由原来的75分调整到今年的85分，很明显阅读在整个试卷中所占比重是大大的增加，真是“得阅读者得中考”，如何在中考中取得优异的英语成绩，关键就取决于英语阅读！现将本人在平时工作中积累的有关阅读指导的心得告知我们家长朋友们，望能对孩子们的中考有帮助，谢谢！ 一、阅读理解考查题型
 1.考查事实细节：
2.猜测生词含义： 3.推理判断： 4.归纳主旨大意： 5.推测作者的态度、意图和目的： （一）事实性细节题 对时间、地点、特征、方式、数字等的寻找 对原因、结果、事实的正确理解 常用提问方式： 1. According tothe passage, who (what, why, where, when，how many/much, how long)….? 2. According tothe passage, which of the following statements is (not) true? 通常是特殊疑问句或判断句子正误 1.He / sheshould have an interest in making pizza. More importantly, he/ she shouldhave work experience in a restaurant. The ad tells us that____ A. Theassistant must be a man. B. Theassistant must have once worked in arestaurant. C. Pucci pizzahas branches all over China. 事实理解题解题技巧： 事实细节题一般在: 1文中有原句； 2找相关信息进行比对; 3找近义词或同义句; 4进行简单数学计算; 在读文章时把这些信息划下来 （二） 猜测词义 词汇题是询问文章中出现的某个词、词组或 句子含义的题型。 常见的提问方式有： 1) The word …..refers to _____ 2) Theunderlined ….. probably means ____________ 1、根据定义、释义、举例或复述猜词
常用的：be, be called,mean，破折号或定语从句等来表示。 Well, I’ve relearned it. I hope I have timeleftto enjoy the successes of others and to take pleasure in the day. That’s theheart of the watermelon. “the heart ofthe watermelon” refers to__. A. the bestpart of the watermelon. B. the writer’sbusy life C. the writer’sdecision of making money. D. the writer’shope of enjoying life. 2、根据上下文情景和逻辑进行判断 As they goaround town, they help people. When they find lost children, they take the childrenhome. If they see a fight, they put an end to it right away. They know all the streets and roads well. Often peopleask them how to get to a place in town. In the text,“put an end to” means __ A. stop B. cut C. kill D. Fly 3、根据关联词来猜测 表示因果关系的：because, as,since, for, so, as a result… 表示同义关系的：and, like, justas…the same as…. 表示反义关系的：but, however, though, although, yet, instead (of) There is aplace on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground.It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in NewZealand. What does theword “steam” mean in Chinese? _____ A. 自来水 B. 大气 C. 冰川 D. 蒸汽 1.I could see nothing because the light wasso (faint.) 2.Tom is very rude, but his brother isquite (polite.) 3. She is beautiful, and her daughter is as(pretty )as her. 演练1 A bag is usefuland the word “bag” is useful. It gives ussome interesting phrases . One is “tolet the cat out of the bag.” It is the same as “to tell a secret” Now whensomeone lets out a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.” Q:John lets thecat out of the bag” means he A. makeseveryone know a secret. B. the womanbout a cat. C. buys a catin the bag. D. sells thecat in the bag.` 实战演练2 If youwant to be a musician, you usually have to move to an area that has a lot ofjobs, such as New York City. The cost of living in these areas is usually veryhigh. The third disadvantage is that you can’t have astable familylife. Different jobs will take a musician to different places, so mostmusicians are unable to have a regular family. What does theunderlined word “stable” mean in Chinese? ________ A. 幸福的 B. 稳定的 C. 健康的 （4）根据生活经验及普通常识猜词 1) China is our motherland. 2) Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carrytheir babies. 3) It's really cold outside, and my hands are bothnumb. Exercises: Guess the meaning of the new wordsquickly. a. Wealthy means having lots ofmoney. b. Doctors believe that smoking is detrimentalto your health. c. My mother-in-law,my husband’s mother, was a teacher. The boy had a happy family before. However,after the war, he became homeless. d. You must stop dreaming and face reality. （三）推理判断 考查逻辑推理能力、语言分析能力和综合归纳能力。 下面哪些方式属于推理判断题？ 1. We can infer(推断) from the story that____ 2. What’s the passagemainly about? 3. It can be inferred fromthe passage that 4. According to the story,what would happen next? 5. The first paragraphtells us that _______ 6. What can we learn fromthe passage? 1、事实推理：先在文章中找出据以推断的文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。 Secondly, a news story has to be interestingand unusual. People don’t want to read stories about everyday life. As aresult, many stories are about some kinds of danger and seem to be “bad”news. According to the passage, which of thefollowing can you most possibly watch on TV? ____ a. You often play football with your friends afterschool. b. Your teacher has got a cold. c. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn’tbeen caught. d. The bike in front of your house is lost. When you cough or sneeze, please turn yourhead away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand.Afterwards, you should say, “Excuse me.” This is a rule I set for my students.It is so simple, but many kids have never been told to do this. What does theunderlined word “this” mean?_ A. Don’t cough or sneeze in front of people B. Don’t stand beside someone who coughs or sneezes. C. Many people cough or sneeze on the undergroundtrain. D. Cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing and saysorry. 总结： 解题技巧：推断题在文章无法直接找到答案，须在正确理解文章字面意思的基础上，运用逻辑推理的方法，综合主旨句、主题句和上下文信息以及作者的措辞，作出总结性的判断。同时要特别注意代词所指代的对象。 （四）归纳主旨大意:主要包括主题思想、写作意图、文章的题目等
常见的提问方式有： (1）What is the main idea ofthe passage? (2) The firstparagraph tells us that _____ (3) Which ofthe following expresses the main idea? (4) The passageis mainly about ______ (5) The besttitle for the story is _______ (6) Which ofthe following is the best title? Can you findthe topic sentence? 1. All livingthings on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Mostanimals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with othersof the same kind.Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and theother is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live,and together they form a food chain .Some food chains become broken up if oneof the links disappears. 2. Reading is agood habit, but the problem is , there’s too much to read these days, and toolittle time to read every word of it. There are hundreds of skills to help youread more in less time. Here are two skills that I think are especially good. 解题技巧：此类题目多出现于议论文和说明文。要确定文章的主题思想，最重要的是要找到主题句。主题句一般在段首或段尾，有时也在中间。 3. Do you know more and moreChinese artists have made regular donations to charity or put their effortsinto charity work in China?
Here let’s know some of them. What is thepassage mainly about? ___ A. Chinesecharity work. B. Charity workof some Chinese artists. C. Some famousChinese artists. D.Organizations started by Chinese artists. 解题技巧： 找主题句。一般新闻报道、说明文、议论文大都采用先总述、后分述的叙事方法，因此主题句大都在段首或篇首。 用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。那么主题句往往就在段末或篇末。 （五）作者的意图、态度和目的题 1、作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及修饰手段中体会出来。 常见的提问方式有： (1) What is the writer’spurpose in writing the passage? (2) The writer probablyfeels that ______ (3) What is the writer’smain point? (4) What is the writer’sattitude towards…? (5) In the passage thewriter tries to tell us that _______ (6) The writer suggest(暗示) that __________ (7) The writer wants toprove that ___________ 注意：题目都是围绕作者的意图、目的和态度 解题技巧: 正确理解文章中反映作者态度和观点的关键词，同时通过选项中的关键词来推断正确答案，学会根据作者使用的词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，要区别作者的态度和其他人的态度，不应把你自己的态度渗透其中。 Today Ican iron pretty well. I know where to start on a shirt and the right way to dothe trousers. Now when I think about it, I don’t think she is an old lady. Ithink she might have been about my age now. Anyway, when I iron, I think ofher and silently thank her for all the things I learned. Now the writer _______ A. is still afraid of the lady B. hates the strict lady. C. admires the disabled lady. D. is very grateful to the lady. Read the passage and finish the exercises Happinessis important for everyone. Most people want to be happy but few know how tofind happiness. Money and success don’t bring lasting happiness. Happinessdepends on ourselves. In other words, we make our own happiness. Somepeople believe that if they are wealthy, they will be able to doanything they want, which means happiness. On the other hand, some peoplebelieve that holding a high position in the government is happiness. In thisway, you have not only money, but also many other things which can’t be boughtby money. However, other people believe that having lots of money is nothappiness, nor is holding a high position in the government. These peoplevalue(重视) theirbeliefs, or their intelligence, or their health. They think these can make themhappy. Here area few ways to help you be happier. The firstsecret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. Too often, we spendso much time thinking about the future, for example, getting into college orgetting a good job that we don’t enjoy the present. You should enjoy life’ssimple pleasures, such as reading a good book, listening to your favoritemusic, or spending time with close friends. People who have close friendsusually enjoy happier and healthier lives. Thesecond secret of happiness is to be active. Many people go dancing or playsports. People can forget about their problems and only think about theactivities. Finally,many people find happiness in helping others. According to studies, people feelgood when they volunteer their time to do many meaningful things for otherpeople. If you want to feel happier, do something nice for someone. You canhelp a friend with his or her studies, go shopping to get food for an old neighbor,or simply help around the house. Now maybe you know how to find happiness! ( ) 1.Some people who hold a high position in the government think they can ________. ( ) 2. Theunderlined word “wealthy” means________ in the article. ( ) 3. Wecan infer（推断） that Manypeople find it happy to ____. ( ) 4. Thepassage mainly tells us ________. ( ) 5. Thewriter thinks the secret of happiness is that people _______ Summary: 1．要充满自信 2．要善于抓关键句和主题句 3．要有文中信息支持点 4．要扫读全文 二、阅读理解题目的设置方式： 逻辑推理型
1） 根据常识判断 One day we invited some friends to dinner.When it was about six o’clock, my wifefound that we had little bread. So she asked our five-year-old daughter, Kathy,to buy some. One day,Kathy’s parents invited some friends to______. A.havebreakfast B. have lunch C. havesupper D. have a party. 逻辑推理型 2) 根据计算判断 If everyone sets their air conditioning (空调)at 26℃,Beijing will save400 million kilowatt-hours(千瓦时) ofelectricity in one summer. That’sone-third of all the usage of the city in the season,” said a TV advertisement. Beijingwill use_____ millionkilowatt-hours electricity in onesummer. A. 1200 B. 800 C. 400 3)归纳主旨句 常用提问方式： 1. Accordingto(根据) the passage,we know that____ 2. The title(标题) of thepassage can be________. 3. The writertells us_________. 4. From thestory we can see/ learn / say_____ 5. The mainidea of this passage is______. 6. What isthis passage about? The ways of guessing the new words in context: 遇到生词要冷静 A. 利用构词法进行猜测 根据单词的前缀与后缀进行猜词。如，care(小心) →careful(小心的) →carefully (小心地); write(写) → rewrite (改写)。 un- ; dis-;-less : 不无 ; mis-: 错误 ; re-: 再，重复，重新 ; -ern: 表方向 -er ,-or, -ist : 表示人 ; 2. 根据“合成词”猜测。 如：school + bag → schoolbag down+stairs → downstairs Exercises: Match the meaning with the new words. 1) Rebuild 不安全的 2) Modernize 误解 3) man-made 重建 4) unsafe 现代化 5) misunderstan-ding 人造的 Exercises: Choose theright answer. 1. A lot of the world’s natural resourceslike oil come from poor countries. A. 环境 B. 资源 C. 汽油 2. The old man put on his spectaclesand began to read. A. 帽子 B. 雨鞋 C. 眼镜 3. My mom was a littleheavy. And I was almost as plumpas my mom. A. 丰满 B. 苗条 C. 强壮 4. Children haveschoolbags with two straps to carry them. A. 口袋 B. 肩带 C. 纽扣 三、阅读理解解题方法 1.先看文章,再看试题. 2.先看试题,然后带着问题再看文章.(常用方法) 四、阅读理解解题步骤 1.扫读:即快速阅读,通览全文.发现关键句(特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句. 2.细读:集中精力研读课文,分清文章体裁,把握文章中心和主要内容,进而掌握文章细节信息(五个W,who,what,when,where,why) 3.查读:认真检查,尽量减少答题错误. Mr.andMrs.Bell are very forgetful. For example, Mr.Bell sometimes goes to his officefor work on Sunday morning, for he thinks it is Monday. And Mrs.Bell some-times forget to cook supper for the family. One summer they planned to fly to New York fortheir holidays. They got to the airport only ten minutes before the plane tookoff. So time was short. But suddenly Mrs. Bell said she must tell Alice,theirdaughter, not to forget to lock the front door when she went to school. AsAlice was then at school,they couldn’t tell her about it by telephone. So theyhurried to the post office. Mrs.Bell wrote a short note to Alice while Mr.Bellbought a stamp and an envelo- pe. Soon the note was ready. They put the stampon the envelope in a hurry and dropped it in the letter box. But suddenlyMrs.Bell began to cry. The short note was still in her hand. She had put theplane tickets in the envelope. 1.Read the article for 2 minutes, and find the keysentence of the article. ( )(1). Theword “forgetful ” means______. A.忘记 B.健忘的 C.难忘的 ( )(2).Howdid they plan to go to New York onesummer? A.by plane B.by train C.by bus ( )(3).Because Alice was then ay school , they had to ________to Alice. A.phone B.write a note C.send a E-mail ( )(4).What did they drop ____in the letter box? A.a note B. the tickets C. the money ( )(5). Themain idea of this passage is______. A.Mr.and Mrs.Bell are very forgetful. B.Mr.and Mrs.Bell planned to fly to New York. C.Mr.and Mrs.Bell are very old. 五阅读技巧： 1. 浏览问题，通读全文 2. 抓住中心句 （标题，首段，每段的首尾句，总---分--- 总,总---分） 3. 克服以下不良习惯： 心读，一个词一个词的看，只读不记 4. 遇到生词要沉着冷静
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